Metals Class

بِسمٍ الله الرَحْمنِ اللرَحِيْم

Materials in this group are composed of one or more metallic elements (such as iron, aluminum, copper, titanium, gold, and nickel), and often also nonmetallic elements (for example, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen) in relatively small amounts[1] that made one compound in nature.

Metals account for about two thirds of all the elements and about 24% of the mass of the planet. Metals have useful properties including strength, ductility(i.e., capable of large amounts of deformation without fracture), high melting points, thermal and electrical conductivity, stiffness and toughness which accounts for their widespread use in structural applications. From the periodic table, it can be seen that a large number of the elements are classified as being a metal. A few of the common metals and their typical uses are presented below.

Common Metallic Materials

• Iron/Steel - Steel alloys are used for strength critical applications
• Aluminum - Aluminum and its alloys are used because they are easy to form, readily available, inexpensive, and recyclable.
• Copper - Copper and copper alloys have a number of properties that make them useful, including high electrical and thermal conductivity, high ductility, and good corrosion resistance.
• Titanium - Titanium alloys are used for strength in higher temperature (~1000° F) application, when component weight is a concern, or when good corrosion resistance is required
• Nickel - Nickel alloys are used for still higher temperatures (~1500-2000° F) applications or when good corrosion resistance is required.
• Refractory materials are used for the highest temperature (> 2000° F) applications.

Metal have a good properties in their use because of their atomic structure. Atoms in metals and their alloys are arranged in a very orderly manner, and in comparison to the ceramics and polymers, are relatively dense.

The key feature that distinguishes metals from non-metals is their bonding. Metallic materials have free electrons that are free to move easily from one atom to the next (electrons are not bound to particular atoms). The existence of these free electrons has a number of profound consequences for the properties of metallic materials. For example, metallic materials tend to be good electrical conductors because the free electrons can move around within the metal so freely.

Furthermore, the structure of metals the types and applications of metals and their alloys are discussed in next post. Insya Allah.

Fotenote:

1. The term metal alloy is used in reference to a metallic substance that is composed of two or more elements.
   

Source:

• http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Introduction/metals.html
• Callister-Material Science and Engineer-An Introduction-7e (wiley, 2007)
  

Classification of Materials

In this section we will discuss about the classification of materials. Before entering into the subject I wanted to ask the readers? what the definition of material? and what do you know about the material? this is very important for the answer before sharing materials.

Okay, because our discussion of metallurgy and materials engineering is only natural that we define what we mean material are :

Materials are everywhere around us – make up our world--

The substance or substances out of which a thing is or can be made [1]


Things needed for doing or making something [2]

For those who want to add definition of material please comment below and please include the source or the reference

Now go into the main subject discussion, at the classified material by the following experts in view of the nature (properties). Material divided in six separated major classes of materials: metals, polymers, ceramic, composite, semiconductor, alloy. All of them have different characteristics. Table below can help show the difference that the six classes of material:

Solid materials have been conveniently grouped into three basic classifications based primarily on chemical makeup and the atomic bonding forces of a particular material, and most materials fall into one distinct grouping or another, although there are some intermediates.

These three classifications are metallic, ceramic and polymeric.

In addition, there are the composites, combination of two or more of the above three basic material classes. Another classification is advanced materials—those used in high-technology applications— . semiconductors, biomaterials, smart materials, and nanoengineered materials.

Within each of these classifications, materials are often further organized into groups based on their chemical composition or certain physical or mechanical properties. But we will not discuss it now.

Below is a list of some of the commonly classification of materials within these four general groups of materials.

Metals Ferrous metals and alloys (irons, carbon steels, alloy steels, stainless steels, tool and die steels) Nonferrous metals and alloys (aluminum, copper, magnesium, nickel, titanium, precious metals, refractory metals, superalloys)	Polymeric Thermoplastics plastics Thermoset plastics Elastomers
Ceramics Glasses Glass ceramics Graphite Diamond	Composites Reinforced plastics Metal-matrix composites Ceramic-matrix composites Sandwich structures Concrete

Insya Allah, next post we will discuss the outline of each class of material on top.

Fotenote:

1. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/material
2. http://www.wordreference.com/definition/material

Reference:
http://www.ndt-ed.org/EducationResources/CommunityCollege/Materials/Introduction/classifications.htm